1 CSIT Test Code Guidelines
2 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
4 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
5 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED",
6 "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as
7 described in `BCP 14 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp14>`_
8 `[RFC2119] <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119>`_
9 `[RFC8174] <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8174>`_
10 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
12 This document SHALL describe guidelines for writing reliable, maintainable,
13 reusable and readable code for CSIT.
15 TODO: Decide whether to use "you SHALL", "contributors SHALL",
16 or "code SHALL be"; convert other forms to the chosen one.
18 RobotFramework test case files and resource files
19 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
23 + Contributors SHOULD look at requirements.txt in root CSIT directory
24 for the currently used Robot Framework version.
25 Contributors SHOULD read `Robot Framework User Guide
26 <http://robotframework.org/robotframework/latest/RobotFrameworkUserGuide.html>`_
29 + RobotFramework test case files and resource files
30 SHALL use special extension .robot
32 + Pipe and space separated file format (without trailing pipe
33 and without pipe aligning) SHALL be used.
34 Tabs are invisible characters, which are error prone.
35 4-spaces separation is prone to accidental double space
36 acting as a separator.
38 + Files SHALL be encoded in UTF-8 (the default Robot source file encoding).
39 Usage of non-ASCII characters SHOULD be avoided if possible.
40 It is RECOMMENDED to `escape
41 <http://robotframework.org/robotframework/latest/RobotFrameworkUserGuide.html#escaping>`_
44 + Line length SHALL be limited to 80 characters.
46 + There SHALL be licence text (FIXME: add link) present
47 at the beginning of each file.
49 + Copy-pasting of the code NOT RECOMMENDED practice, any code that could be
50 re-used SHOULD be put into a library (Robot resource, Python library, ...).
54 + It is RECOMMENDED to use data-driven test case definitions
55 anytime suite contains test cases similar in structure.
56 Typically, a suite SHOULD define a Template keyword, and test cases
57 SHOULD only specify tags and argument values::
60 | Test Template | Local Template
64 | tc01-64B-1c-eth-l2patch-mrr
66 | | framesize=${64} | phy_cores=${1}
68 + Test case templates (or testcases) SHALL be written in Behavior-driven style
69 i.e. in readable English, so that even non-technical project stakeholders
75 | | ... | [Cfg] DUT runs L2 patch config with ${phy_cores} phy core(s).
76 | | ... | [Ver] Measure NDR and PDR values using MLRsearch algorithm.\
78 | | ... | *Arguments:*
79 | | ... | - frame_size - Framesize in Bytes in integer
80 | | ... | or string (IMIX_v4_1). Type: integer, string
81 | | ... | - phy_cores - Number of physical cores. Type: integer
82 | | ... | - rxq - Number of RX queues, default value: ${None}.
83 | | ... | Type: integer
85 | | [Arguments] | ${frame_size} | ${phy_cores} | ${rxq}=${None}
87 | | Set Test Variable | \${frame_size}
89 | | Given Add worker threads and rxqueues to all DUTs
90 | | ... | ${phy_cores} | ${rxq}
91 | | And Add PCI devices to all DUTs
92 | | Set Max Rate And Jumbo And Handle Multi Seg
93 | | And Apply startup configuration on all VPP DUTs
94 | | When Initialize L2 patch
95 | | Then Find NDR and PDR intervals using optimized search
97 + Every suite and test case template (or testcase)
98 SHALL contain short documentation.
99 Generated CSIT web pages display the documentation.
100 For an example generated page, see:
101 https://docs.fd.io/csit/rls1807/doc/tests.vpp.perf.tcp.html
103 + You SHOULD NOT use hard-coded constants.
104 It is RECOMMENDED to use the variable table
105 (\*\*\*Variables\*\*\*) to define test case specific values.
106 You SHALL use the assignment sign = after the variable name
107 to make assigning variables slightly more explicit::
110 | ${traffic_profile}= | trex-stl-2n-ethip4-ip4src254
112 + Common test case specific settings of the test environment SHALL be done
113 in Test Setup keyword defined in the Setting table.
115 + Run Keywords construction is RECOMMENDED if it is more readable
118 + Separate keyword is RECOMMENDED if the construction is less readable.
120 + Post-test cleaning and processing actions SHALL be done in Test Teardown
121 part of the Setting table (e.g. download statistics from VPP nodes).
122 This part is executed even if the test case has failed. On the other hand
123 it is possible to disable the tear-down from command line, thus leaving
124 the system in “broken” state for investigation.
126 + Every testcase SHALL be correctly tagged. List of defined tags is in
127 csit/docs/tag_documentation.rst (FIXME: rst-ize the link) file.
129 + Whenever possible, common tags SHALL be set using Force Tags
132 + User high-level keywords specific for the particular test suite
133 SHOULD be implemented in the Keywords table of suitable Robot resource file
134 to enable readability and code-reuse.
136 + Such keywords MAY be implemented in Keywords table of the suite instead,
137 if the contributor believes no other test will use such keywords.
138 But this is NOT RECOMMENDED in general, as keywords in Resources
139 are easier to maintain.
141 + All test case names (and suite names) SHALL conform
142 to current naming convention.
143 https://wiki.fd.io/view/CSIT/csit-test-naming
144 TODO: Migrate the convention document to .rst and re-link.
146 + Frequently, different suites use the same test case layout.
147 It is RECOMMENDED to use autogeneration scripts available,
148 possibly extending them if their current functionality is not sufficient.
152 + SHALL be used to implement higher-level keywords that are used in test cases
153 or other higher-level (or medium-level) keywords.
155 + Every keyword SHALL contain Documentation where the purpose and arguments
156 of the keyword are described. Also document types, return values,
157 and any specific assumptions the particular keyword relies on.
159 + A keyword usage example SHALL be the part of the Documentation.
160 The example SHALL use pipe and space separated format
161 (with escaped pipes and) with a trailing pipe.
163 + The reason was possbile usage of Robot's libdoc tool
164 to generate tests and resources documentation. In that case
165 example keyword usage would be rendered in table.
167 + TODO: We should adapt it for current tool
168 used to generate the documentation.
170 + Keyword name SHALL describe what the keyword does,
171 specifically and in a reasonable length (“short sentence”).
173 + Keyword names SHALL be short enough for call sites
174 to fit within line length limit.
176 + If a keyword argument has a most commonly used value, it is RECOMMENDED
177 to set it as default. This makes keyword code longer,
178 but suite code shorter, and readability (and maintainability)
179 of suites SHALL always more important.
181 + If there is intermediate data (created by one keyword, to be used
182 by another keyword) of singleton semantics (it is clear that the test case
183 can have at most one instance of such data, even if the instance
184 is complex, for example ${nodes}), it is RECOMMENDED to store it
185 in test variables. You SHALL document test variables read or written
186 by a keyword. This makes the test template code less verbose.
187 As soon as the data instance is not unique, you SHALL pass it around
188 via arguments and return values explicitly (this makes lower level keywords
189 more reusable and less bug prone).
191 + It is RECOMMENDED to pass arguments explicitly via [Arguments] line.
192 Setting test variables takes more space and is less explicit.
193 Using arguments embedded in keyword name makes them less visible,
194 and it makes it harder for the line containing the resulting long name
195 to fit into the maximum character limit, so you SHOULD NOT use them.
200 TODO: Add guidelines for Python scripts (both utilities called by test on nodes
201 and unrelated ones such as PAL) if there are any (in addition to library ones).
205 + SHALL be used to implement low-level keywords that are called from
206 resource files (of higher-level keywords) or from test cases.
208 + TODO: Discuss debugability, speed, logging, complexity of logic.
210 + Higher-level keywords MAY be implemented in python library file too.
211 it is RECOMMENDED especially in the case that their implementation
212 in resource file would be too difficult or impossible,
213 e.g. complex data structures or functional programming.
215 + Every keyword, Python module, class, method, enum SHALL contain
216 docstring with the short description and used input parameters
217 and possible return value(s) or raised exceptions.
219 + The docstrings SHOULD conform to
220 `PEP 257 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/>`_
221 and other quality standards.
223 + CSIT contributions SHALL use a specific formatting for documenting
224 arguments, return values and similar.
226 + FIXME: Find a link which documents sthis style.
227 it is based on Sphinx, but very different from
229 <https://sphinxcontrib-napoleon.readthedocs.io/en/latest/example_numpy.html>`_.
231 + Keyword usage examples MAY be grouped and used
232 in the class/module documentation string, to provide better overview
233 of the usage and relationships between keywords.
235 + Keyword name SHALL describe what the keyword does,
236 specifically and in a reasonable length (“short sentence”).
237 See https://wiki.fd.io/view/CSIT/csit-test-naming
239 + Python implementation of a keyword is a function,
240 so its name in the python library should be lowercase_with_underscores.
241 Robot call sites should usename with first letter capitalized, and spaces.
243 + FIXME: create Robot keyword naming item in proper place.
247 + It is RECOMMENDED to use some standard development tool
248 (e.g. PyCharm Community Edition) and follow
249 `PEP-8 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/>`_ recommendations.
251 + All python code (not only Robot libraries) SHALL adhere to PEP-8 standard.
252 This is reported by CSIT Jenkins verify job.
254 + Indentation: You SHALL NOT use tab for indents!
255 Indent is defined as four spaces.
257 + Line length: SHALL be limited to 80 characters.
259 + CSIT Python code assumes PYTHONPATH is set
260 to the root of cloned CSIT git repository, creating a tree of sub-packages.
261 You SHALL use that tree for importing, for example::
263 from resources.libraries.python.ssh import exec_cmd_no_error
265 + Imports SHALL be grouped in the following order:
267 #. standard library imports,
268 #. related third party imports,
269 #. local application/library specific imports.
271 You SHALL put a blank line between each group of imports.
273 + You SHALL use two blank lines between top-level definitions,
274 one blank line between method definitions.
276 + You SHALL NOT execute any active code on library import.
278 + You SHALL NOT use global variables inside library files.
280 + You MAY define constants inside library files.
282 + It is NOT RECOMMENDED to use hard-coded constants (e.g. numbers,
283 paths without any description). It is RECOMMENDED to use
284 configuration file(s), like /csit/resources/libraries/python/Constants.py,
285 with appropriate comments.
287 + The code SHALL log at the lowest possible level of implementation,
288 for debugging purposes. You SHALL use same style for similar events.
289 You SHALL keep logging as verbose as necessary.
291 + You SHALL use the most appropriate exception not general one (Exception)
292 if possible. You SHOULD create your own exception
293 if necessary and implement there logging, level debug.
295 + You MAY use RuntimeException for generally unexpected failures.
297 + It is RECOMMENDED to use RuntimeError also for
298 infrastructure failures, e.g. losing SSH connection to SUT.
300 + You MAY use EnvironmentError and its cublasses instead,
301 if the distinction is informative for callers.
303 + It is RECOMMENDED to use AssertionError when SUT is at fault.
305 + For each class (e.g. exception) it is RECOMMENDED to implement __repr__()
306 which SHALL return a string usable as a constructor call
307 (including repr()ed arguments).
308 When logging, you SHOULD log the repr form, unless the internal structure
309 of the object in question would likely result in too long output.
310 This is helpful for debugging.
312 + For composing and formatting strings, you SHOULD use .format()
313 with named arguments.
314 Example: "repr() of name: {name!r}".format(name=name)
316 Bash scripts and libraries
317 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
319 TODO: Link or copy the bash_code_style.rst document here.