1 # Copyright (c) 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates.
2 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
3 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
4 # You may obtain a copy of the License at:
6 # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
8 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
9 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
10 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
11 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
12 # limitations under the License.
14 """QEMU utilities library."""
16 from time import time, sleep
19 from robot.api import logger
21 from resources.libraries.python.ssh import SSH, SSHTimeout
22 from resources.libraries.python.constants import Constants
23 from resources.libraries.python.topology import NodeType
26 class QemuUtils(object):
29 __QEMU_BIN = '/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64'
30 # QEMU Machine Protocol socket
31 __QMP_SOCK = '/tmp/qmp.sock'
32 # QEMU Guest Agent socket
33 __QGA_SOCK = '/tmp/qga.sock'
38 self._qemu_opt['smp'] = '-smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1'
39 # Daemonize the QEMU process after initialization. Default one
40 # management interface.
41 self._qemu_opt['options'] = '-cpu host -daemonize -enable-kvm ' \
42 '-machine pc,accel=kvm,usb=off,mem-merge=off ' \
43 '-net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:00:02:01 -balloon none'
44 self._qemu_opt['ssh_fwd_port'] = 10022
45 # Default serial console port
46 self._qemu_opt['serial_port'] = 4556
47 # Default 512MB virtual RAM
48 self._qemu_opt['mem_size'] = 512
49 # Default huge page mount point, required for Vhost-user interfaces.
50 self._qemu_opt['huge_mnt'] = '/mnt/huge'
51 # Default do not allocate huge pages.
52 self._qemu_opt['huge_allocate'] = False
53 # Default image for CSIT virl setup
54 self._qemu_opt['disk_image'] = '/var/lib/vm/vhost-nested.img'
64 self._qemu_opt['queues'] = 1
68 self._socks = [self.__QMP_SOCK, self.__QGA_SOCK]
70 def qemu_set_smp(self, cpus, cores, threads, sockets):
71 """Set SMP option for QEMU
73 :param cpus: Number of CPUs.
74 :param cores: Number of CPU cores on one socket.
75 :param threads: Number of threads on one CPU core.
76 :param sockets: Number of discrete sockets in the system.
82 self._qemu_opt['smp'] = '-smp {},cores={},threads={},sockets={}'.format(
83 cpus, cores, threads, sockets)
85 def qemu_set_ssh_fwd_port(self, fwd_port):
86 """Set host port for guest SSH forwarding.
88 :param fwd_port: Port number on host for guest SSH forwarding.
91 self._qemu_opt['ssh_fwd_port'] = fwd_port
92 self._vm_info['port'] = fwd_port
94 def qemu_set_serial_port(self, port):
95 """Set serial console port.
97 :param port: Serial console port.
100 self._qemu_opt['serial_port'] = port
102 def qemu_set_mem_size(self, mem_size):
103 """Set virtual RAM size.
105 :param mem_size: RAM size in Mega Bytes.
108 self._qemu_opt['mem_size'] = int(mem_size)
110 def qemu_set_huge_mnt(self, huge_mnt):
111 """Set hugefile mount point.
113 :param huge_mnt: System hugefile mount point.
116 self._qemu_opt['huge_mnt'] = huge_mnt
118 def qemu_set_huge_allocate(self):
119 """Set flag to allocate more huge pages if needed."""
120 self._qemu_opt['huge_allocate'] = True
122 def qemu_set_disk_image(self, disk_image):
125 :param disk_image: Path of the disk image.
126 :type disk_image: str
128 self._qemu_opt['disk_image'] = disk_image
130 def qemu_set_affinity(self, *host_cpus):
131 """Set qemu affinity by getting thread PIDs via QMP and taskset to list
134 :param host_cpus: List of CPU cores.
135 :type host_cpus: list
137 qemu_cpus = self._qemu_qmp_exec('query-cpus')['return']
139 if len(qemu_cpus) != len(host_cpus):
140 logger.debug('Host CPU count {0}, Qemu Thread count {1}'.format(
141 len(host_cpus), len(qemu_cpus)))
142 raise ValueError('Host CPU count must match Qemu Thread count')
144 for qemu_cpu, host_cpu in zip(qemu_cpus, host_cpus):
145 cmd = 'taskset -pc {0} {1}'.format(host_cpu, qemu_cpu['thread_id'])
146 (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
147 if int(ret_code) != 0:
148 logger.debug('Set affinity failed {0}'.format(stderr))
149 raise RuntimeError('Set affinity failed on {0}'.format(
152 def qemu_set_scheduler_policy(self):
153 """Set scheduler policy to SCHED_RR with priority 1 for all Qemu CPU
156 :raises RuntimeError: Set scheduler policy failed.
158 qemu_cpus = self._qemu_qmp_exec('query-cpus')['return']
160 for qemu_cpu in qemu_cpus:
161 cmd = 'chrt -r -p 1 {0}'.format(qemu_cpu['thread_id'])
162 (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
163 if int(ret_code) != 0:
164 logger.debug('Set SCHED_RR failed {0}'.format(stderr))
165 raise RuntimeError('Set SCHED_RR failed on {0}'.format(
168 def qemu_set_node(self, node):
169 """Set node to run QEMU on.
171 :param node: Node to run QEMU on.
176 self._ssh.connect(node)
177 self._vm_info['host'] = node['host']
179 def qemu_add_vhost_user_if(self, socket, server=True, mac=None):
180 """Add Vhost-user interface.
182 :param socket: Path of the unix socket.
183 :param server: If True the socket shall be a listening socket.
184 :param mac: Vhost-user interface MAC address (optional, otherwise is
185 used autogenerated MAC 52:54:00:00:04:xx).
191 # Create unix socket character device.
192 chardev = ' -chardev socket,id=char{0},path={1}'.format(self._vhost_id,
196 self._qemu_opt['options'] += chardev
197 # Create Vhost-user network backend.
198 netdev = ' -netdev vhost-user,id=vhost{0},chardev=char{0},'\
199 'queues={1}'.format(self._vhost_id, self._qemu_opt['queues'])
200 self._qemu_opt['options'] += netdev
201 # If MAC is not specified use autogenerated 52:54:00:00:04:<vhost_id>
202 # e.g. vhost1 MAC is 52:54:00:00:04:01
204 mac = '52:54:00:00:04:{0:02x}'.format(self._vhost_id)
205 extend_options = 'mq=on,csum=off,gso=off,guest_tso4=off,'\
206 'guest_tso6=off,guest_ecn=off,mrg_rxbuf=off'
207 # Create Virtio network device.
208 device = ' -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=vhost{0},mac={1},{2}'.format(
209 self._vhost_id, mac, extend_options)
210 self._qemu_opt['options'] += device
211 # Add interface MAC and socket to the node dict
212 if_data = {'mac_address': mac, 'socket': socket}
213 if_name = 'vhost{}'.format(self._vhost_id)
214 self._vm_info['interfaces'][if_name] = if_data
215 # Add socket to the socket list
216 self._socks.append(socket)
218 def _qemu_qmp_exec(self, cmd):
219 """Execute QMP command.
221 QMP is JSON based protocol which allows to control QEMU instance.
223 :param cmd: QMP command to execute.
225 :return: Command output in python representation of JSON format. The
226 { "return": {} } response is QMP's success response. An error
227 response will contain the "error" keyword instead of "return".
229 # To enter command mode, the qmp_capabilities command must be issued.
230 qmp_cmd = 'echo "{ \\"execute\\": \\"qmp_capabilities\\" }' + \
231 '{ \\"execute\\": \\"' + cmd + '\\" }" | sudo -S nc -U ' + \
233 (ret_code, stdout, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command(qmp_cmd)
234 if int(ret_code) != 0:
235 logger.debug('QMP execute failed {0}'.format(stderr))
236 raise RuntimeError('QMP execute "{0}"'
237 ' failed on {1}'.format(cmd, self._node['host']))
239 # Skip capabilities negotiation messages.
240 out_list = stdout.splitlines()
241 if len(out_list) < 3:
242 raise RuntimeError('Invalid QMP output on {0}'.format(
244 return json.loads(out_list[2])
246 def _qemu_qga_flush(self):
247 """Flush the QGA parser state
249 qga_cmd = 'printf "\xFF" | sudo -S nc ' \
250 '-q 1 -U ' + self.__QGA_SOCK
251 (ret_code, stdout, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command(qga_cmd)
252 if int(ret_code) != 0:
253 logger.debug('QGA execute failed {0}'.format(stderr))
254 raise RuntimeError('QGA execute "{0}" '
255 'failed on {1}'.format(qga_cmd,
260 return json.loads(stdout.split('\n', 1)[0])
262 def _qemu_qga_exec(self, cmd):
263 """Execute QGA command.
265 QGA provide access to a system-level agent via standard QMP commands.
267 :param cmd: QGA command to execute.
270 qga_cmd = 'echo "{ \\"execute\\": \\"' + cmd + '\\" }" | sudo -S nc ' \
271 '-q 1 -U ' + self.__QGA_SOCK
272 (ret_code, stdout, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command(qga_cmd)
273 if int(ret_code) != 0:
274 logger.debug('QGA execute failed {0}'.format(stderr))
275 raise RuntimeError('QGA execute "{0}"'
276 ' failed on {1}'.format(cmd, self._node['host']))
280 return json.loads(stdout.split('\n', 1)[0])
282 def _wait_until_vm_boot(self, timeout=60):
283 """Wait until QEMU VM is booted.
285 Ping QEMU guest agent each 5s until VM booted or timeout.
287 :param timeout: Waiting timeout in seconds (optional, default 60s).
292 if time() - start > timeout:
293 raise RuntimeError('timeout, VM {0} not booted on {1}'.format(
294 self._qemu_opt['disk_image'], self._node['host']))
296 self._qemu_qga_flush()
297 out = self._qemu_qga_exec('guest-ping')
299 logger.trace('QGA guest-ping unexpected output {}'.format(out))
300 # Empty output - VM not booted yet
303 # Non-error return - VM booted
304 elif out.get('return') is not None:
306 # Skip error and wait
307 elif out.get('error') is not None:
310 # If there is an unexpected output from QGA guest-info, try
311 # again until timeout.
312 logger.trace('QGA guest-ping unexpected output {}'.format(out))
314 logger.trace('VM {0} booted on {1}'.format(self._qemu_opt['disk_image'],
317 def _update_vm_interfaces(self):
318 """Update interface names in VM node dict."""
319 # Send guest-network-get-interfaces command via QGA, output example:
320 # {"return": [{"name": "eth0", "hardware-address": "52:54:00:00:04:01"},
321 # {"name": "eth1", "hardware-address": "52:54:00:00:04:02"}]}
322 out = self._qemu_qga_exec('guest-network-get-interfaces')
323 interfaces = out.get('return')
326 raise RuntimeError('Get VM {0} interface list failed on {1}'.format(
327 self._qemu_opt['disk_image'], self._node['host']))
328 # Create MAC-name dict
329 for interface in interfaces:
330 if 'hardware-address' not in interface:
332 mac_name[interface['hardware-address']] = interface['name']
333 # Match interface by MAC and save interface name
334 for interface in self._vm_info['interfaces'].values():
335 mac = interface.get('mac_address')
336 if_name = mac_name.get(mac)
338 logger.trace('Interface name for MAC {} not found'.format(mac))
340 interface['name'] = if_name
342 def _huge_page_check(self, allocate=False):
343 """Huge page check."""
344 huge_mnt = self._qemu_opt.get('huge_mnt')
345 mem_size = self._qemu_opt.get('mem_size')
347 # Get huge pages information
348 huge_size = self._get_huge_page_size()
349 huge_free = self._get_huge_page_free(huge_size)
350 huge_total = self._get_huge_page_total(huge_size)
352 # Check if memory reqested by qemu is available on host
353 if (mem_size * 1024) > (huge_free * huge_size):
354 # If we want to allocate hugepage dynamically
356 mem_needed = abs((huge_free * huge_size) - (mem_size * 1024))
357 huge_to_allocate = ((mem_needed / huge_size) * 2) + huge_total
358 max_map_count = huge_to_allocate*4
359 # Increase maximum number of memory map areas a process may have
360 cmd = 'echo "{0}" | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count'.format(
362 (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
363 # Increase hugepage count
364 cmd = 'echo "{0}" | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages'.format(
366 (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
367 if int(ret_code) != 0:
368 logger.debug('Mount huge pages failed {0}'.format(stderr))
369 raise RuntimeError('Mount huge pages failed on {0}'.format(
371 # If we do not want to allocate dynamicaly end with error
374 'Not enough free huge pages: {0}, '
375 '{1} MB'.format(huge_free, huge_free * huge_size)
377 # Check if huge pages mount point exist
379 (_, output, _) = self._ssh.exec_command('cat /proc/mounts')
380 for line in output.splitlines():
381 # Try to find something like:
382 # none /mnt/huge hugetlbfs rw,relatime,pagesize=2048k 0 0
384 if mount[2] == 'hugetlbfs' and mount[1] == huge_mnt:
387 # If huge page mount point not exist create one
389 cmd = 'mkdir -p {0}'.format(huge_mnt)
390 (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
391 if int(ret_code) != 0:
392 logger.debug('Create mount dir failed: {0}'.format(stderr))
393 raise RuntimeError('Create mount dir failed on {0}'.format(
395 cmd = 'mount -t hugetlbfs -o pagesize=2048k none {0}'.format(
397 (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
398 if int(ret_code) != 0:
399 logger.debug('Mount huge pages failed {0}'.format(stderr))
400 raise RuntimeError('Mount huge pages failed on {0}'.format(
403 def _get_huge_page_size(self):
404 """Get default size of huge pages in system.
406 :returns: Default size of free huge pages in system.
408 :raises: RuntimeError if reading failed for three times.
410 # TODO: remove to dedicated library
411 cmd_huge_size = "grep Hugepagesize /proc/meminfo | awk '{ print $2 }'"
413 (ret, out, _) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd_huge_size)
418 logger.trace('Reading huge page size information failed')
422 raise RuntimeError('Getting huge page size information failed.')
425 def _get_huge_page_free(self, huge_size):
426 """Get total number of huge pages in system.
428 :param huge_size: Size of hugepages.
430 :returns: Number of free huge pages in system.
432 :raises: RuntimeError if reading failed for three times.
434 # TODO: add numa aware option
435 # TODO: remove to dedicated library
436 cmd_huge_free = 'cat /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-{0}kB/'\
437 'free_hugepages'.format(huge_size)
439 (ret, out, _) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd_huge_free)
444 logger.trace('Reading free huge pages information failed')
448 raise RuntimeError('Getting free huge pages information failed.')
451 def _get_huge_page_total(self, huge_size):
452 """Get total number of huge pages in system.
454 :param huge_size: Size of hugepages.
456 :returns: Total number of huge pages in system.
458 :raises: RuntimeError if reading failed for three times.
460 # TODO: add numa aware option
461 # TODO: remove to dedicated library
462 cmd_huge_total = 'cat /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-{0}kB/'\
463 'nr_hugepages'.format(huge_size)
465 (ret, out, _) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd_huge_total)
468 huge_total = int(out)
470 logger.trace('Reading total huge pages information failed')
474 raise RuntimeError('Getting total huge pages information failed.')
477 def qemu_start(self):
478 """Start QEMU and wait until VM boot.
480 :return: VM node info.
482 .. note:: First set at least node to run QEMU on.
483 .. warning:: Starts only one VM on the node.
486 ssh_fwd = '-net user,hostfwd=tcp::{0}-:22'.format(
487 self._qemu_opt.get('ssh_fwd_port'))
488 # Memory and huge pages
489 mem = '-object memory-backend-file,id=mem,size={0}M,mem-path={1},' \
490 'share=on -m {0} -numa node,memdev=mem'.format(
491 self._qemu_opt.get('mem_size'), self._qemu_opt.get('huge_mnt'))
493 # By default check only if hugepages are availbale.
494 # If 'huge_allocate' is set to true try to allocate as well.
495 self._huge_page_check(allocate=self._qemu_opt.get('huge_allocate'))
497 # Setup QMP via unix socket
498 qmp = '-qmp unix:{0},server,nowait'.format(self.__QMP_SOCK)
499 # Setup serial console
500 serial = '-chardev socket,host=127.0.0.1,port={0},id=gnc0,server,' \
501 'nowait -device isa-serial,chardev=gnc0'.format(
502 self._qemu_opt.get('serial_port'))
503 # Setup QGA via chardev (unix socket) and isa-serial channel
504 qga = '-chardev socket,path=/tmp/qga.sock,server,nowait,id=qga0 ' \
505 '-device isa-serial,chardev=qga0'
507 graphic = '-monitor none -display none -vga none'
509 cmd = '{0} {1} {2} {3} {4} -hda {5} {6} {7} {8} {9}'.format(
510 self.__QEMU_BIN, self._qemu_opt.get('smp'), mem, ssh_fwd,
511 self._qemu_opt.get('options'),
512 self._qemu_opt.get('disk_image'), qmp, serial, qga, graphic)
513 (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd, timeout=300)
514 if int(ret_code) != 0:
515 logger.debug('QEMU start failed {0}'.format(stderr))
516 raise RuntimeError('QEMU start failed on {0}'.format(
518 logger.trace('QEMU running')
521 self._wait_until_vm_boot()
522 except (RuntimeError, SSHTimeout):
524 self.qemu_clear_socks()
526 # Update interface names in VM node dict
527 self._update_vm_interfaces()
528 # Return VM node dict
532 """Quit the QEMU emulator."""
533 out = self._qemu_qmp_exec('quit')
534 err = out.get('error')
536 raise RuntimeError('QEMU quit failed on {0}, error: {1}'.format(
537 self._node['host'], json.dumps(err)))
539 def qemu_system_powerdown(self):
540 """Power down the system (if supported)."""
541 out = self._qemu_qmp_exec('system_powerdown')
542 err = out.get('error')
545 'QEMU system powerdown failed on {0}, '
546 'error: {1}'.format(self._node['host'], json.dumps(err))
549 def qemu_system_reset(self):
550 """Reset the system."""
551 out = self._qemu_qmp_exec('system_reset')
552 err = out.get('error')
555 'QEMU system reset failed on {0}, '
556 'error: {1}'.format(self._node['host'], json.dumps(err)))
559 """Kill qemu process."""
560 # TODO: add PID storage so that we can kill specific PID
561 # Note: in QEMU start phase there are 3 QEMU processes because we
563 self._ssh.exec_command_sudo('pkill -SIGKILL qemu')
565 def qemu_clear_socks(self):
566 """Remove all sockets created by QEMU."""
567 # If serial console port still open kill process
568 cmd = 'fuser -k {}/tcp'.format(self._qemu_opt.get('serial_port'))
569 self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
570 # Delete all created sockets
571 for sock in self._socks:
572 cmd = 'rm -f {}'.format(sock)
573 self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
575 def qemu_system_status(self):
576 """Return current VM status.
578 VM should be in following status:
580 - debug: QEMU running on a debugger
581 - finish-migrate: paused to finish the migration process
582 - inmigrate: waiting for an incoming migration
583 - internal-error: internal error has occurred
584 - io-error: the last IOP has failed
586 - postmigrate: paused following a successful migrate
587 - prelaunch: QEMU was started with -S and guest has not started
588 - restore-vm: paused to restore VM state
589 - running: actively running
590 - save-vm: paused to save the VM state
591 - shutdown: shut down (and -no-shutdown is in use)
592 - suspended: suspended (ACPI S3)
593 - watchdog: watchdog action has been triggered
594 - guest-panicked: panicked as a result of guest OS panic
599 out = self._qemu_qmp_exec('query-status')
600 ret = out.get('return')
602 return ret.get('status')
604 err = out.get('error')
606 'QEMU query-status failed on {0}, '
607 'error: {1}'.format(self._node['host'], json.dumps(err)))
610 def build_qemu(node):
611 """Build QEMU from sources.
613 :param node: Node to build QEMU on.
619 (ret_code, stdout, stderr) = \
620 ssh.exec_command('sudo -Sn bash {0}/{1}/qemu_build.sh'.format(
621 Constants.REMOTE_FW_DIR, Constants.RESOURCES_LIB_SH), 1000)
623 if int(ret_code) != 0:
624 logger.debug('QEMU build failed {0}'.format(stderr))
625 raise RuntimeError('QEMU build failed on {0}'.format(node['host']))