#!/usr/bin/env python3 import ipaddress import unittest from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner from vpp_ip import DpoProto from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath from util import fragment_rfc791, fragment_rfc8200 import scapy.compat from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether from scapy.packet import Raw from scapy.layers.inet import IP, UDP, ICMP, TCP from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, ICMPv6TimeExceeded, IPv6ExtHdrFragment class TestMAP(VppTestCase): """ MAP Test Case """ @classmethod def setUpClass(cls): super(TestMAP, cls).setUpClass() @classmethod def tearDownClass(cls): super(TestMAP, cls).tearDownClass() def setUp(self): super(TestMAP, self).setUp() # create 2 pg interfaces self.create_pg_interfaces(range(4)) # pg0 is 'inside' IPv4 self.pg0.admin_up() self.pg0.config_ip4() self.pg0.resolve_arp() # pg1 is 'outside' IPv6 self.pg1.admin_up() self.pg1.config_ip6() self.pg1.generate_remote_hosts(4) self.pg1.configure_ipv6_neighbors() def tearDown(self): super(TestMAP, self).tearDown() for i in self.pg_interfaces: i.unconfig_ip4() i.unconfig_ip6() i.admin_down() def send_and_assert_encapped(self, packets, ip6_src, ip6_dst, dmac=None): if not dmac: dmac = self.pg1.remote_mac self.pg0.add_stream(packets) self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces) self.pg_start() capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(packets)) for rx, tx in zip(capture, packets): self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].dst, dmac) self.assertEqual(rx[IP].src, tx[IP].src) self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].src, ip6_src) self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, ip6_dst) def send_and_assert_encapped_one(self, packet, ip6_src, ip6_dst, dmac=None): return self.send_and_assert_encapped([packet], ip6_src, ip6_dst, dmac) def test_api_map_domain_dump(self): map_dst = '2001::/64' map_src = '3000::1/128' client_pfx = '192.168.0.0/16' tag = 'MAP-E tag.' index = self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip4_prefix=client_pfx, ip6_prefix=map_dst, ip6_src=map_src, tag=tag).index rv = self.vapi.map_domain_dump() # restore the state early so as to not impact subsequent tests. # If an assert fails, we will not get the chance to do it at the end. self.vapi.map_del_domain(index=index) self.assertGreater(len(rv), 0, "Expected output from 'map_domain_dump'") # typedefs are returned as ipaddress objects. # wrap results in str() ugh! to avoid the need to call unicode. self.assertEqual(str(rv[0].ip4_prefix), client_pfx) self.assertEqual(str(rv[0].ip6_prefix), map_dst) self.assertEqual(str(rv[0].ip6_src), map_src) self.assertEqual(rv[0].tag, tag, "output produced incorrect tag value.") def test_map_e_udp(self): """ MAP-E UDP""" # # Add a route to the MAP-BR # map_br_pfx = "2001::" map_br_pfx_len = 32 map_route = VppIpRoute(self, map_br_pfx, map_br_pfx_len, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]) map_route.add_vpp_config() # # Add a domain that maps from pg0 to pg1 # map_dst = '2001::/32' map_src = '3000::1/128' client_pfx = '192.168.0.0/16' map_translated_addr = '2001:0:101:7000:0:c0a8:101:7' tag = 'MAP-E tag.' self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip4_prefix=client_pfx, ip6_prefix=map_dst, ip6_src=map_src, ea_bits_len=20, psid_offset=4, psid_length=4, tag=tag) self.vapi.map_param_set_security_check(enable=1, fragments=1) # Enable MAP on interface. self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_translation=0) # Ensure MAP doesn't steal all packets! v4 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) / Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, v4 * 4, self.pg0) v4_reply = v4[1] v4_reply.ttl -= 1 for p in rx: self.validate(p[1], v4_reply) # # Fire in a v4 packet that will be encapped to the BR # v4 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.1.1') / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) / Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) self.send_and_assert_encapped(v4 * 4, "3000::1", map_translated_addr) # # Verify reordered fragments are able to pass as well # v4 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / IP(id=1, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.1.1') / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) / Raw(b'\xa5' * 1000)) frags = fragment_rfc791(v4, 400) frags.reverse() self.send_and_assert_encapped(frags, "3000::1", map_translated_addr) # Enable MAP on interface. self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_translation=0) # Ensure MAP doesn't steal all packets v6 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) / Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, v6*1, self.pg1) v6_reply = v6[1] v6_reply.hlim -= 1 for p in rx: self.validate(p[1], v6_reply) # # Fire in a V6 encapped packet. # expect a decapped packet on the inside ip4 link # p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) / IPv6(dst='3000::1', src=map_translated_addr) / IP(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src='192.168.1.1') / UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000) / Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) self.pg1.add_stream(p) self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces) self.pg_start() rx = self.pg0.get_capture(1) rx = rx[0] self.assertFalse(rx.haslayer(IPv6)) self.assertEqual(rx[IP].src, p[IP].src) self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, p[IP].dst) # # Verify encapped reordered fragments pass as well # p = (IP(id=1, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src='192.168.1.1') / UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000) / Raw(b'\xa5' * 1500)) frags = fragment_rfc791(p, 400) frags.reverse() stream = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) / IPv6(dst='3000::1', src=map_translated_addr) / x for x in frags) self.pg1.add_stream(stream) self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces) self.pg_start() rx = self.pg0.get_capture(len(frags)) for r in rx: self.assertFalse(r.haslayer(IPv6)) self.assertEqual(r[IP].src, p[IP].src) self.assertEqual(r[IP].dst, p[IP].dst) # Verify that fragments pass even if ipv6 layer is fragmented stream = (IPv6(dst='3000::1', src=map_translated_addr) / x for x in frags) v6_stream = [ Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) / x for i in range(len(frags)) for x in fragment_rfc8200( IPv6(dst='3000::1', src=map_translated_addr) / frags[i], i, 200)] self.pg1.add_stream(v6_stream) self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces) self.pg_start() rx = self.pg0.get_capture(len(frags)) for r in rx: self.assertFalse(r.haslayer(IPv6)) self.assertEqual(r[IP].src, p[IP].src) self.assertEqual(r[IP].dst, p[IP].dst) # # Pre-resolve. No API for this!! # self.vapi.ppcli("map params pre-resolve ip6-nh 4001::1") self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, v4, "resolved via default route") # # Add a route to 4001::1. Expect the encapped traffic to be # sent via that routes next-hop # pre_res_route = VppIpRoute(self, "4001::1", 128, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]) pre_res_route.add_vpp_config() self.send_and_assert_encapped_one(v4, "3000::1", map_translated_addr, dmac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac) # # change the route to the pre-solved next-hop # pre_res_route.modify([VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]) pre_res_route.add_vpp_config() self.send_and_assert_encapped_one(v4, "3000::1", map_translated_addr, dmac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac) # # cleanup. The test infra's object registry will ensure # the route is really gone and thus that the unresolve worked. # pre_res_route.remove_vpp_config() self.vapi.ppcli("map params pre-resolve del ip6-nh 4001::1") def test_map_e_inner_frag(self): """ MAP-E Inner fragmentation """ # # Add a route to the MAP-BR # map_br_pfx = "2001::" map_br_pfx_len = 32 map_route = VppIpRoute(self, map_br_pfx, map_br_pfx_len, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]) map_route.add_vpp_config() # # Add a domain that maps from pg0 to pg1 # map_dst = '2001::/32' map_src = '3000::1/128' client_pfx = '192.168.0.0/16' map_translated_addr = '2001:0:101:7000:0:c0a8:101:7' tag = 'MAP-E tag.' self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip4_prefix=client_pfx, ip6_prefix=map_dst, ip6_src=map_src, ea_bits_len=20, psid_offset=4, psid_length=4, mtu=1000, tag=tag) # Enable MAP on interface. self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_translation=0) # Enable inner fragmentation self.vapi.map_param_set_fragmentation(inner=1) v4 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.1.1') / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) / Raw(b'\xa5' * 1300)) self.pg_send(self.pg0, v4*1) rx = self.pg1.get_capture(2) frags = fragment_rfc791(v4[1], 1000) frags[0].id = 0 frags[1].id = 0 frags[0].ttl -= 1 frags[1].ttl -= 1 frags[0].chksum = 0 frags[1].chksum = 0 v6_reply1 = (IPv6(src='3000::1', dst=map_translated_addr, hlim=63) / frags[0]) v6_reply2 = (IPv6(src='3000::1', dst=map_translated_addr, hlim=63) / frags[1]) rx[0][1].fl = 0 rx[1][1].fl = 0 rx[0][1][IP].id = 0 rx[1][1][IP].id = 0 rx[0][1][IP].chksum = 0 rx[1][1][IP].chksum = 0 self.validate(rx[0][1], v6_reply1) self.validate(rx[1][1], v6_reply2) def test_map_e_tcp_mss(self): """ MAP-E TCP MSS""" # # Add a route to the MAP-BR # map_br_pfx = "2001::" map_br_pfx_len = 32 map_route = VppIpRoute(self, map_br_pfx, map_br_pfx_len, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]) map_route.add_vpp_config() # # Add a domain that maps from pg0 to pg1 # map_dst = '2001::/32' map_src = '3000::1/128' client_pfx = '192.168.0.0/16' map_translated_addr = '2001:0:101:5000:0:c0a8:101:5' tag = 'MAP-E TCP tag.' self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip4_prefix=client_pfx, ip6_prefix=map_dst, ip6_src=map_src, ea_bits_len=20, psid_offset=4, psid_length=4, tag=tag) # Enable MAP on pg0 interface. self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_translation=0) # Enable MAP on pg1 interface. self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_translation=0) # TCP MSS clamping mss_clamp = 1300 self.vapi.map_param_set_tcp(mss_clamp) # # Send a v4 packet that will be encapped. # p_ether = Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.1.1') p_tcp = TCP(sport=20000, dport=30000, flags="S", options=[("MSS", 1455)]) p4 = p_ether / p_ip4 / p_tcp self.pg1.add_stream(p4) self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces) self.pg_start() rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1) rx = rx[0] self.assertTrue(rx.haslayer(IPv6)) self.assertEqual(rx[IP].src, p4[IP].src) self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, p4[IP].dst) self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].src, "3000::1") self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].options, TCP(options=[('MSS', mss_clamp)]).options) def validate(self, rx, expected): self.assertEqual(rx, expected.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(expected))) def validate_frag(self, p6_frag, p_ip6_expected): self.assertFalse(p6_frag.haslayer(IP)) self.assertTrue(p6_frag.haslayer(IPv6)) self.assertTrue(p6_frag.haslayer(IPv6ExtHdrFragment)) self.assertEqual(p6_frag[IPv6].src, p_ip6_expected.src) self.assertEqual(p6_frag[IPv6].dst, p_ip6_expected.dst) def validate_frag_payload_len(self, rx, proto, payload_len_expected): payload_total = 0 for p in rx: payload_total += p[IPv6].plen # First fragment has proto payload_total -= len(proto()) # Every fragment has IPv6 fragment header payload_total -= len(IPv6ExtHdrFragment()) * len(rx) self.assertEqual(payload_total, payload_len_expected) def payload(self, len): return 'x' * len def test_map_t(self): """ MAP-T """ # # Add a domain that maps from pg0 to pg1 # map_dst = '2001:db8::/32' map_src = '1234:5678:90ab:cdef::/64' ip4_pfx = '192.168.0.0/24' tag = 'MAP-T Tag.' self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip6_prefix=map_dst, ip4_prefix=ip4_pfx, ip6_src=map_src, ea_bits_len=16, psid_offset=6, psid_length=4, mtu=1500, tag=tag) # Enable MAP-T on interfaces. self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_translation=1) self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_translation=1) # Ensure MAP doesn't steal all packets! v4 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) / Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, v4*1, self.pg0) v4_reply = v4[1] v4_reply.ttl -= 1 for p in rx: self.validate(p[1], v4_reply) # Ensure MAP doesn't steal all packets v6 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) / Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, v6*1, self.pg1) v6_reply = v6[1] v6_reply.hlim -= 1 for p in rx: self.validate(p[1], v6_reply) map_route = VppIpRoute(self, "2001:db8::", 32, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index, proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)]) map_route.add_vpp_config() # # Send a v4 packet that will be translated # p_ether = Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.0.1') payload = TCP(sport=0xabcd, dport=0xabcd) p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / payload) p6_translated = (IPv6(src="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0", dst="2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f") / payload) p6_translated.hlim -= 1 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4*1, self.pg1) for p in rx: self.validate(p[1], p6_translated) # Send back an IPv6 packet that will be "untranslated" p_ether6 = Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) p_ip6 = IPv6(src='2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f', dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0') p6 = (p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload) p4_translated = (IP(src='192.168.0.1', dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / payload) p4_translated.id = 0 p4_translated.ttl -= 1 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6*1, self.pg0) for p in rx: self.validate(p[1], p4_translated) # IPv4 TTL ip4_ttl_expired = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.0.1', ttl=0) p4 = (p_ether / ip4_ttl_expired / payload) icmp4_reply = (IP(id=0, ttl=254, src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / ICMP(type='time-exceeded', code='ttl-zero-during-transit') / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.0.1', ttl=0) / payload) rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4*1, self.pg0) for p in rx: self.validate(p[1], icmp4_reply) ''' This one is broken, cause it would require hairpinning... # IPv4 TTL TTL1 ip4_ttl_expired = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.0.1', ttl=1) p4 = (p_ether / ip4_ttl_expired / payload) icmp4_reply = IP(id=0, ttl=254, src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / \ ICMP(type='time-exceeded', code='ttl-zero-during-transit' ) / \ IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.0.1', ttl=0) / payload rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4*1, self.pg0) for p in rx: self.validate(p[1], icmp4_reply) ''' # IPv6 Hop limit ip6_hlim_expired = IPv6(hlim=0, src='2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab', dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0') p6 = (p_ether6 / ip6_hlim_expired / payload) icmp6_reply = (IPv6(hlim=255, src=self.pg1.local_ip6, dst="2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab") / ICMPv6TimeExceeded(code=0) / IPv6(src="2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab", dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0', hlim=0) / payload) rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6*1, self.pg1) for p in rx: self.validate(p[1], icmp6_reply) # IPv4 Well-known port p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.0.1') payload = UDP(sport=200, dport=200) p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / payload) self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p4*1) # IPv6 Well-known port payload = UDP(sport=200, dport=200) p6 = (p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload) self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p6*1) # Packet fragmentation payload_len = 1453 payload = UDP(sport=40000, dport=4000) / self.payload(payload_len) p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / payload) self.pg_enable_capture() self.pg0.add_stream(p4) self.pg_start() rx = self.pg1.get_capture(2) p_ip6_translated = IPv6(src='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0', dst='2001:db8:1e0::c0a8:1:e') for p in rx: self.validate_frag(p, p_ip6_translated) self.validate_frag_payload_len(rx, UDP, payload_len) # Packet fragmentation send fragments payload = UDP(sport=40000, dport=4000) / self.payload(payload_len) p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / payload) frags = fragment_rfc791(p4, fragsize=1000) self.pg_enable_capture() self.pg0.add_stream(frags) self.pg_start() rx = self.pg1.get_capture(2) for p in rx: self.validate_frag(p, p_ip6_translated) self.validate_frag_payload_len(rx, UDP, payload_len) # reass_pkt = reassemble(rx) # p4_reply.ttl -= 1 # p4_reply.id = 256 # self.validate(reass_pkt, p4_reply) # TCP MSS clamping self.vapi.map_param_set_tcp(1300) # # Send a v4 TCP SYN packet that will be translated and MSS clamped # p_ether = Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.0.1') payload = TCP(sport=0xabcd, dport=0xabcd, flags="S", options=[('MSS', 1460)]) p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / payload) p6_translated = (IPv6(src="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0", dst="2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f") / payload) p6_translated.hlim -= 1 p6_translated[TCP].options = [('MSS', 1300)] rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4*1, self.pg1) for p in rx: self.validate(p[1], p6_translated) # Send back an IPv6 packet that will be "untranslated" p_ether6 = Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) p_ip6 = IPv6(src='2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f', dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0') p6 = (p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload) p4_translated = (IP(src='192.168.0.1', dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / payload) p4_translated.id = 0 p4_translated.ttl -= 1 p4_translated[TCP].options = [('MSS', 1300)] rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6*1, self.pg0) for p in rx: self.validate(p[1], p4_translated) def test_map_t_ip6_psid(self): """ MAP-T v6->v4 PSID validation""" # # Add a domain that maps from pg0 to pg1 # map_dst = '2001:db8::/32' map_src = '1234:5678:90ab:cdef::/64' ip4_pfx = '192.168.0.0/24' tag = 'MAP-T Test Domain' self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip6_prefix=map_dst, ip4_prefix=ip4_pfx, ip6_src=map_src, ea_bits_len=16, psid_offset=6, psid_length=4, mtu=1500, tag=tag) # Enable MAP-T on interfaces. self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_translation=1) self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_translation=1) map_route = VppIpRoute(self, "2001:db8::", 32, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index, proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)]) map_route.add_vpp_config() p_ether6 = Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) p_ip6 = IPv6(src='2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f', dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0') # Send good IPv6 source port, ensure translated IPv4 received payload = TCP(sport=0xabcd, dport=80) p6 = (p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload) p4_translated = (IP(src='192.168.0.1', dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / payload) p4_translated.id = 0 p4_translated.ttl -= 1 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6*1, self.pg0) for p in rx: self.validate(p[1], p4_translated) # Send bad IPv6 source port, ensure translated IPv4 not received payload = TCP(sport=0xdcba, dport=80) p6 = (p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload) self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p6*1) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)