+def ppp(headline, packet):
+ """ Return string containing the output of scapy packet.show() call. """
+ o = StringIO()
+ old_stdout = sys.stdout
+ sys.stdout = o
+ print(headline)
+ packet.show()
+ sys.stdout = old_stdout
+ return o.getvalue()
+
+
+class Host(object):
+ """ Generic test host "connected" to VPPs interface. """