+def ppc(headline, capture, limit=10):
+ """ Return string containing ppp() printout for a capture.
+
+ :param headline: printed as first line of output
+ :param capture: packets to print
+ :param limit: limit the print to # of packets
+ """
+ if not capture:
+ return headline
+ tail = ""
+ if limit < len(capture):
+ tail = "\nPrint limit reached, %s out of %s packets printed" % (
+ len(capture), limit)
+ limit = len(capture)
+ body = "".join([ppp("Packet #%s:" % count, p)
+ for count, p in zip(range(0, limit), capture)])
+ return "%s\n%s%s" % (headline, body, tail)
+
+
+def ip4_range(ip4, s, e):
+ tmp = ip4.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
+ return ("%s.%d" % (tmp, i) for i in range(s, e))
+
+
+def ip4n_range(ip4n, s, e):
+ ip4 = socket.inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET, ip4n)
+ return (socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, ip)
+ for ip in ip4_range(ip4, s, e))
+
+
+def mactobinary(mac):
+ """ Convert the : separated format into binary packet data for the API """
+ return mac.replace(':', '').decode('hex')
+
+
+def mk_ll_addr(mac):
+ euid = in6_mactoifaceid(mac)
+ addr = "fe80::" + euid
+ return addr
+
+
+class NumericConstant(object):
+ __metaclass__ = ABCMeta
+
+ desc_dict = {}
+
+ @abstractmethod
+ def __init__(self, value):
+ self._value = value
+
+ def __int__(self):
+ return self._value
+
+ def __long__(self):
+ return self._value
+
+ def __str__(self):
+ if self._value in self.desc_dict:
+ return self.desc_dict[self._value]
+ return ""
+
+