--- /dev/null
+Using VPP as a Home Gateway
+===========================
+
+Vpp running on a small system (with appropriate NICs) makes a fine
+home gateway. The resulting system performs far in excess of
+requirements: a debug image runs at a vector size of \~1.2 terminating
+a 150-mbit down / 10-mbit up cable modem connection.
+
+At a minimum, install sshd and the isc-dhcp-server. If you prefer, you
+can use dnsmasq.
+
+System configuration files
+--------------------------
+
+/etc/vpp/startup.conf:
+
+ unix {
+ nodaemon
+ log /var/log/vpp/vpp.log
+ full-coredump
+ cli-listen /run/vpp/cli.sock
+ startup-config /setup.gate
+ poll-sleep-usec 100
+ gid vpp
+ }
+ api-segment {
+ gid vpp
+ }
+ dpdk {
+ dev 0000:03:00.0
+ dev 0000:14:00.0
+ etc.
+ }
+
+ plugins {
+ ## Disable all plugins, selectively enable specific plugins
+ ## YMMV, you may wish to enable other plugins (acl, etc.)
+ plugin default { disable }
+ plugin dpdk_plugin.so { enable }
+ plugin nat_plugin.so { enable }
+ ## if you plan to use the time-based MAC filter
+ plugin mactime_plugin.so { enable }
+ }
+
+/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf:
+
+ subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
+ range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.99;
+ option routers 192.168.1.1;
+ option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;
+ }
+
+If you decide to enable the vpp dns name resolver, substitute
+192.168.1.2 for 8.8.8.8 in the dhcp server configuration.
+
+/etc/default/isc-dhcp-server:
+
+ # On which interfaces should the DHCP server (dhcpd) serve DHCP requests?
+ # Separate multiple interfaces with spaces, e.g. "eth0 eth1".
+ INTERFACESv4="lstack"
+ INTERFACESv6=""
+
+/etc/ssh/sshd\_config:
+
+ # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
+ Port <REDACTED-high-number-port>
+ # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords
+ PasswordAuthentication no
+
+For your own comfort and safety, do NOT allow password authentication
+and do not answer ssh requests on port 22. Experience shows several hack
+attempts per hour on port 22, but none (ever) on random high-number
+ports.
+
+Systemd configuration
+---------------------
+
+In a typical home-gateway use-case, vpp owns the one-and-only WAN link
+with a prayer of reaching the public internet. Simple things like
+updating distro software requires use of the \"lstack\" interface
+created above, and configuring a plausible upstream DNS name resolver.
+
+Configure /etc/systemd/resolved.conf as follows.
+
+/etc/systemd/resolved.conf:
+
+ [Resolve]
+ DNS=8.8.8.8
+ #FallbackDNS=
+ #Domains=
+ #LLMNR=no
+ #MulticastDNS=no
+ #DNSSEC=no
+ #Cache=yes
+ #DNSStubListener=yes
+
+Netplan configuration
+---------------------
+
+If you want to configure a static IP address on one of your home-gateway
+Ethernet ports on Ubuntu 18.04, you\'ll need to configure netplan.
+Netplan is relatively new. It and the network manager GUI and can be
+cranky. In the configuration shown below,
+s/enp4s0/\<your-interface\>/\...
+
+/etc/netplan-01-netcfg.yaml:
+
+ # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
+ # For more information, see netplan(5).
+ network:
+ version: 2
+ renderer: networkd
+ ethernets:
+ enp4s0:
+ dhcp4: no
+ addresses: [192.168.2.254/24]
+ gateway4: 192.168.2.100
+ nameservers:
+ search: [my.local]
+ addresses: [8.8.8.8]
+
+/etc/systemd/network-10.enp4s0.network:
+
+ [Match]
+ Name=enp4s0
+
+ [Link]
+ RequiredForOnline=no
+
+ [Network]
+ ConfigureWithoutCarrier=true
+ Address=192.168.2.254/24
+
+Note that we\'ve picked an IP address for the home gateway which is on
+an independent unrouteable subnet. This is handy for installing (and
+possibly reverting) new vpp software.
+
+VPP Configuration Files
+-----------------------
+
+Here we see a nice use-case for the vpp debug CLI macro expander:
+
+/setup.gate:
+
+ define HOSTNAME vpp1
+ define TRUNK GigabitEthernet3/0/0
+
+ comment { Specific MAC address yields a constant IP address }
+ define TRUNK_MACADDR 48:f8:b3:00:01:01
+ define BVI_MACADDR 48:f8:b3:01:01:02
+
+ comment { inside subnet 192.168.<inside_subnet>.0/24 }
+ define INSIDE_SUBNET 1
+
+ define INSIDE_PORT1 GigabitEthernet6/0/0
+ define INSIDE_PORT2 GigabitEthernet6/0/1
+ define INSIDE_PORT3 GigabitEthernet8/0/0
+ define INSIDE_PORT4 GigabitEthernet8/0/1
+
+ comment { feature selections }
+ define FEATURE_NAT44 comment
+ define FEATURE_CNAT uncomment
+ define FEATURE_DNS comment
+ define FEATURE_IP6 comment
+ define FEATURE_MACTIME uncomment
+
+ exec /setup.tmpl
+
+/setup.tmpl:
+
+ show macro
+
+ set int mac address $(TRUNK) $(TRUNK_MACADDR)
+ set dhcp client intfc $(TRUNK) hostname $(HOSTNAME)
+ set int state $(TRUNK) up
+
+ bvi create instance 0
+ set int mac address bvi0 $(BVI_MACADDR)
+ set int l2 bridge bvi0 1 bvi
+ set int ip address bvi0 192.168.$(INSIDE_SUBNET).1/24
+ set int state bvi0 up
+
+ set int l2 bridge $(INSIDE_PORT1) 1
+ set int state $(INSIDE_PORT1) up
+ set int l2 bridge $(INSIDE_PORT2) 1
+ set int state $(INSIDE_PORT2) up
+ set int l2 bridge $(INSIDE_PORT3) 1
+ set int state $(INSIDE_PORT3) up
+ set int l2 bridge $(INSIDE_PORT4) 1
+ set int state $(INSIDE_PORT4) up
+
+ comment { dhcp server and host-stack access }
+ create tap host-if-name lstack host-ip4-addr 192.168.$(INSIDE_SUBNET).2/24 host-ip4-gw 192.168.$(INSIDE_SUBNET).1
+ set int l2 bridge tap0 1
+ set int state tap0 up
+
+ service restart isc-dhcp-server
+
+ $(FEATURE_NAT44) { nat44 enable users 50 user-sessions 750 sessions 63000 }
+ $(FEATURE_NAT44) { nat44 add interface address $(TRUNK) }
+ $(FEATURE_NAT44) { set interface nat44 in bvi0 out $(TRUNK) }
+
+ $(FEATURE_NAT44) { nat44 add static mapping local 192.168.$(INSIDE_SUBNET).2 22432 external $(TRUNK) 22432 tcp }
+
+ $(FEATURE_CNAT) { cnat snat with $(TRUNK) }
+ $(FEATURE_CNAT) { set interface feature bvi0 ip4-cnat-snat arc ip4-unicast }
+ $(FEATURE_CNAT) { cnat translation add proto tcp real $(TRUNK) 22432 to -> 192.168.$(INSIDE_SUBNET).2 22432 }
+ $(FEATURE_CNAT) { $(FEATURE_DNS) { cnat translation add proto udp real $(TRUNK) 53053 to -> 192.168.$(INSIDE_SUBNET).1 53053 } }
+
+ $(FEATURE_DNS) { $(FEATURE_NAT44) { nat44 add identity mapping external $(TRUNK) udp 53053 } }
+ $(FEATURE_DNS) { bin dns_name_server_add_del 8.8.8.8 }
+ $(FEATURE_DNS) { bin dns_enable_disable }
+
+ comment { set ct6 inside $(TRUNK) }
+ comment { set ct6 outside $(TRUNK) }
+
+ $(FEATURE_IP6) { set int ip6 table $(TRUNK) 0 }
+ $(FEATURE_IP6) { ip6 nd address autoconfig $(TRUNK) default-route }
+ $(FEATURE_IP6) { dhcp6 client $(TRUNK) }
+ $(FEATURE_IP6) { dhcp6 pd client $(TRUNK) prefix group hgw }
+ $(FEATURE_IP6) { set ip6 address bvi0 prefix group hgw ::1/64 }
+ $(FEATURE_IP6) { ip6 nd address autoconfig bvi0 default-route }
+ comment { iPhones seem to need lots of RA messages... }
+ $(FEATURE_IP6) { ip6 nd bvi0 ra-managed-config-flag ra-other-config-flag ra-interval 5 3 ra-lifetime 180 }
+ comment { ip6 nd bvi0 prefix 0::0/0 ra-lifetime 100000 }
+
+
+ $(FEATURE_MACTIME) { bin mactime_add_del_range name cisco-vpn mac a8:b4:56:e1:b8:3e allow-static }
+ $(FEATURE_MACTIME) { bin mactime_add_del_range name old-mac mac <redacted> allow-static }
+ $(FEATURE_MACTIME) { bin mactime_add_del_range name roku mac <redacted> allow-static }
+ $(FEATURE_MACTIME) { bin mactime_enable_disable $(INSIDE_PORT1) }
+ $(FEATURE_MACTIME) { bin mactime_enable_disable $(INSIDE_PORT2) }
+ $(FEATURE_MACTIME) { bin mactime_enable_disable $(INSIDE_PORT3) }
+ $(FEATURE_MACTIME) { bin mactime_enable_disable $(INSIDE_PORT4) }
+
+Installing new vpp software
+---------------------------
+
+If you\'re **sure** that a given set of vpp Debian packages will install
+and work properly, you can install them while logged into the gateway
+via the lstack / nat path. This procedure is a bit like standing on a
+rug and yanking it. If all goes well, a perfect back-flip occurs. If
+not, you may wish that you\'d configured a static IP address on a
+reserved Ethernet interface as described above.
+
+Installing a new vpp image via ssh to 192.168.1.2:
+
+ # nohup dpkg -i *.deb >/dev/null 2>&1 &
+
+Within a few seconds, the inbound ssh connection SHOULD begin to respond
+again. If it does not, you\'ll have to debug the issue(s).
+
+Reasonably Robust Remote Software Installation
+----------------------------------------------
+
+Here are a couple of scripts which yield a reasonably robust software
+installation scheme.
+
+### Build-host script
+
+ #!/bin/bash
+
+ buildroot=/scratch/vpp-workspace/build-root
+ if [ $1x = "testx" ] ; then
+ subdir="test"
+ ipaddr="192.168.2.48"
+ elif [ $1x = "foox" ] ; then
+ subdir="foo"
+ ipaddr="foo.some.net"
+ elif [ $1x = "barx" ] ; then
+ subdir="bar"
+ ipaddr="bar.some.net"
+ else
+ subdir="test"
+ ipaddr="192.168.2.48"
+ fi
+
+ echo Save current software...
+ ssh -p 22432 $ipaddr "rm -rf /gate_debians.prev"
+ ssh -p 22432 $ipaddr "mv /gate_debians /gate_debians.prev"
+ ssh -p 22432 $ipaddr "mkdir /gate_debians"
+ echo Copy new software to the gateway...
+ scp -P 22432 $buildroot/*.deb $ipaddr:/gate_debians
+ echo Install new software...
+ ssh -p 22432 $ipaddr "nohup /usr/local/bin/vpp-swupdate > /dev/null 2>&1 &"
+
+ for i in 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+ do
+ echo Wait for $i seconds...
+ sleep 1
+ done
+
+ echo Try to access the device...
+
+ ssh -p 22432 -o ConnectTimeout=10 $ipaddr "tail -20 /var/log/syslog | grep Ping"
+ if [ $? == 0 ] ; then
+ echo Access test OK...
+ else
+ echo Access failed, wait for configuration restoration...
+ for i in 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+ do
+ echo Wait for $i seconds...
+ sleep 1
+ done
+ echo Retry access test
+ ssh -p 22432 -o ConnectTimeout=10 $ipaddr "tail -20 /var/log/syslog | grep Ping"
+ if [ $? == 0 ] ; then
+ echo Access test OK, check syslog on the device
+ exit 1
+ else
+ echo Access test still fails, manual intervention required.
+ exit 2
+ fi
+ fi
+
+ exit 0
+
+### Target script
+
+ #!/bin/bash
+
+ logger "About to update vpp software..."
+ cd /gate_debians
+ service vpp stop
+ sudo dpkg -i *.deb >/dev/null 2>&1 &
+ sleep 20
+ logger "Ping connectivity test..."
+ for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
+ do
+ ping -4 -c 1 yahoo.com
+ if [ $? == 0 ] ; then
+ logger "Ping test OK..."
+ exit 0
+ fi
+ done
+
+ logger "Ping test NOT OK, restore old software..."
+ rm -rf /gate_debians
+ mv /gate_debians.prev /gate_debians
+ cd /gate_debians
+ nohup sudo dpkg -i *.deb >/dev/null 2>&1 &
+ sleep 20
+ logger "Repeat connectivity test..."
+ for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
+ do
+ ping -4 -c 1 yahoo.com
+ if [ $? == 0 ] ; then
+ logger "Ping test OK after restoring old software..."
+ exit 0
+ fi
+ done
+
+ logger "Ping test FAIL after restoring software, manual intervention required"
+ exit 2
+
+Note that the target script **requires** that the userid which invokes
+it will manage to "sudo dpkg ..." without further authentication. If
+you're uncomfortable with the security implications of that
+requirement, you'll need to solve the problem a different
+way. Strongly suggest configuring sshd as described above to minimize
+risk.
+
+
+Testing new software
+--------------------
+
+If you frequently test new home gateway software, it may be handy to set
+up a test gateway behind your production gateway. This testing
+methodology reduces complaints from family members, to name one benefit.
+
+Change the inside network (dhcp) subnet from 192.168.1.0/24 to
+192.168.3.0/24, change the (dhcp) advertised router to 192.168.3.1,
+reconfigure the vpp tap interface addresses onto the 192.168.3.0/24
+subnet, and you should be all set.
+
+This scenario nats traffic twice: first, from the 192.168.3.0/24 network
+onto the 192.168.1.0/24 network. Next, from the 192.168.1.0/24 network
+onto the public internet.
+
+Patches
+-------
+
+You\'ll want this addition to src/vpp/vnet/main.c to add the \"service
+restart isc-dhcp-server" and \"service restart vpp\" commands:
+
+ #include <sys/types.h>
+ #include <sys/wait.h>
+
+ static int
+ mysystem (char *cmd)
+ {
+ int rv = 0;
+
+ if (fork())
+ wait (&rv);
+ else
+ execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", cmd);
+
+ if (rv != 0)
+ clib_unix_warning ("('%s') child process returned %d", cmd, rv);
+ return rv;
+ }
+
+ static clib_error_t *
+ restart_isc_dhcp_server_command_fn (vlib_main_t * vm,
+ unformat_input_t * input,
+ vlib_cli_command_t * cmd)
+ {
+ int rv;
+
+ /* Wait a while... */
+ vlib_process_suspend (vm, 2.0);
+
+ rv = mysystem("/usr/sbin/service isc-dhcp-server restart");
+
+ vlib_cli_output (vm, "Restarted the isc-dhcp-server, status %d...", rv);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* *INDENT-OFF* */
+ VLIB_CLI_COMMAND (restart_isc_dhcp_server_command, static) =
+ {
+ .path = "service restart isc-dhcp-server",
+ .short_help = "restarts the isc-dhcp-server",
+ .function = restart_isc_dhcp_server_command_fn,
+ };
+ /* *INDENT-ON* */
+
+ static clib_error_t *
+ restart_dora_tunnels_command_fn (vlib_main_t * vm,
+ unformat_input_t * input,
+ vlib_cli_command_t * cmd)
+ {
+ int rv;
+
+ /* Wait three seconds... */
+ vlib_process_suspend (vm, 3.0);
+
+ rv = mysystem ("/usr/sbin/service dora restart");
+
+ vlib_cli_output (vm, "Restarted the dora tunnel service, status %d...", rv);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* *INDENT-OFF* */
+ VLIB_CLI_COMMAND (restart_dora_tunnels_command, static) =
+ {
+ .path = "service restart dora",
+ .short_help = "restarts the dora tunnel service",
+ .function = restart_dora_tunnels_command_fn,
+ };
+ /* *INDENT-ON* */
+
+ static clib_error_t *
+ restart_vpp_service_command_fn (vlib_main_t * vm,
+ unformat_input_t * input,
+ vlib_cli_command_t * cmd)
+ {
+ (void) mysystem ("/usr/sbin/service vpp restart");
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* *INDENT-OFF* */
+ VLIB_CLI_COMMAND (restart_vpp_service_command, static) =
+ {
+ .path = "service restart vpp",
+ .short_help = "restarts the vpp service, be careful what you wish for",
+ .function = restart_vpp_service_command_fn,
+ };
+ /* *INDENT-ON* */
+
+Using the time-based mac filter plugin
+--------------------------------------
+
+If you need to restrict network access for certain devices to specific
+daily time ranges, configure the \"mactime\" plugin. Add it to the list
+of enabled plugins in /etc/vpp/startup.conf, then enable the feature on
+the NAT \"inside\" interfaces:
+
+ bin mactime_enable_disable GigabitEthernet0/14/0
+ bin mactime_enable_disable GigabitEthernet0/14/1
+ ...
+
+Create the required src-mac-address rule database. There are 4 rule
+entry types:
+
+- allow-static - pass traffic from this mac address
+- drop-static - drop traffic from this mac address
+- allow-range - pass traffic from this mac address at specific times
+- drop-range - drop traffic from this mac address at specific times
+
+Here are some examples:
+
+ bin mactime_add_del_range name alarm-system mac 00:de:ad:be:ef:00 allow-static
+ bin mactime_add_del_range name unwelcome mac 00:de:ad:be:ef:01 drop-static
+ bin mactime_add_del_range name not-during-business-hours mac <mac> drop-range Mon - Fri 7:59 - 18:01
+ bin mactime_add_del_range name monday-busines-hours mac <mac> allow-range Mon 7:59 - 18:01
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