X-Git-Url: https://gerrit.fd.io/r/gitweb?a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Fvnet%2Fipsec%2Fesp_decrypt.c;h=7f3c320e12c9849fefb76c2e4284e8c5fbfb5997;hb=d709cbcb1ef80633af657c5427608831e5bbd919;hp=de4cc6dd4ddfd077966ce90e3eaab3bd292ff8ba;hpb=02e14b526dc6f30c534e483c8e4a77678e27352e;p=vpp.git diff --git a/src/vnet/ipsec/esp_decrypt.c b/src/vnet/ipsec/esp_decrypt.c index de4cc6dd4dd..7f3c320e12c 100644 --- a/src/vnet/ipsec/esp_decrypt.c +++ b/src/vnet/ipsec/esp_decrypt.c @@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ #include #include +#include #define foreach_esp_decrypt_next \ _(DROP, "error-drop") \ -_(IP4_INPUT, "ip4-input") \ +_(IP4_INPUT, "ip4-input-no-checksum") \ _(IP6_INPUT, "ip6-input") \ _(IPSEC_GRE_INPUT, "ipsec-gre-input") @@ -81,334 +82,310 @@ format_esp_decrypt_trace (u8 * s, va_list * args) } always_inline void -esp_decrypt_aes_cbc (ipsec_crypto_alg_t alg, - u8 * in, u8 * out, size_t in_len, u8 * key, u8 * iv) +esp_decrypt_cbc (vlib_main_t * vm, ipsec_sa_t * sa, + u8 * in, u8 * out, size_t in_len, u8 * key, u8 * iv) { - esp_main_t *em = &esp_main; - u32 thread_index = vlib_get_thread_index (); - EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx = &(em->per_thread_data[thread_index].decrypt_ctx); - const EVP_CIPHER *cipher = NULL; - int out_len; + vnet_crypto_op_t _op, *op = &_op; - ASSERT (alg < IPSEC_CRYPTO_N_ALG); - if (PREDICT_FALSE (em->esp_crypto_algs[alg].type == 0)) + if (PREDICT_FALSE (sa->crypto_dec_op_type == VNET_CRYPTO_OP_NONE)) return; - if (PREDICT_FALSE - (alg != em->per_thread_data[thread_index].last_decrypt_alg)) - { - cipher = em->esp_crypto_algs[alg].type; - em->per_thread_data[thread_index].last_decrypt_alg = alg; - } - - EVP_DecryptInit_ex (ctx, cipher, NULL, key, iv); + op->op = sa->crypto_dec_op_type; + op->iv = iv; + op->src = in; + op->dst = out; + op->len = in_len; + op->key = key; - EVP_DecryptUpdate (ctx, out, &out_len, in, in_len); - EVP_DecryptFinal_ex (ctx, out + out_len, &out_len); + vnet_crypto_process_ops (vm, op, 1); } -static uword -esp_decrypt_node_fn (vlib_main_t * vm, - vlib_node_runtime_t * node, vlib_frame_t * from_frame) +always_inline uword +esp_decrypt_inline (vlib_main_t * vm, + vlib_node_runtime_t * node, vlib_frame_t * from_frame, + int is_ip6) { - u32 n_left_from, *from, next_index, *to_next; ipsec_main_t *im = &ipsec_main; - esp_main_t *em = &esp_main; - u32 *recycle = 0; - from = vlib_frame_vector_args (from_frame); - n_left_from = from_frame->n_vectors; - u32 thread_index = vlib_get_thread_index (); - - ipsec_alloc_empty_buffers (vm, im); - - u32 *empty_buffers = im->empty_buffers[thread_index]; - - if (PREDICT_FALSE (vec_len (empty_buffers) < n_left_from)) + u32 *from = vlib_frame_vector_args (from_frame); + u32 n_left_from = from_frame->n_vectors; + u32 new_bufs[VLIB_FRAME_SIZE]; + vlib_buffer_t *i_bufs[VLIB_FRAME_SIZE], **ib = i_bufs; + vlib_buffer_t *o_bufs[VLIB_FRAME_SIZE], **ob = o_bufs; + u16 nexts[VLIB_FRAME_SIZE], *next = nexts; + u32 n_alloc, thread_index = vm->thread_index; + + n_alloc = vlib_buffer_alloc (vm, new_bufs, n_left_from); + if (n_alloc != n_left_from) { - vlib_node_increment_counter (vm, esp_decrypt_node.index, - ESP_DECRYPT_ERROR_NO_BUFFER, n_left_from); - goto free_buffers_and_exit; + vlib_node_increment_counter (vm, node->node_index, + ESP_DECRYPT_ERROR_NO_BUFFER, + n_left_from - n_alloc); + if (n_alloc == 0) + goto done; + n_left_from = n_alloc; } - next_index = node->cached_next_index; + vlib_get_buffers (vm, from, ib, n_left_from); + vlib_get_buffers (vm, new_bufs, ob, n_left_from); while (n_left_from > 0) { - u32 n_left_to_next; + esp_header_t *esp0; + ipsec_sa_t *sa0; + u32 sa_index0 = ~0; + u32 seq; + ip4_header_t *ih4 = 0, *oh4 = 0; + ip6_header_t *ih6 = 0, *oh6 = 0; + u8 tunnel_mode = 1; + + next[0] = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_DROP; + + esp0 = vlib_buffer_get_current (ib[0]); + sa_index0 = vnet_buffer (ib[0])->ipsec.sad_index; + sa0 = pool_elt_at_index (im->sad, sa_index0); + seq = clib_host_to_net_u32 (esp0->seq); + + /* anti-replay check */ + if (ipsec_sa_is_set_USE_ANTI_REPLAY (sa0)) + { + int rv = 0; - vlib_get_next_frame (vm, node, next_index, to_next, n_left_to_next); + if (PREDICT_TRUE (ipsec_sa_is_set_USE_EXTENDED_SEQ_NUM (sa0))) + rv = esp_replay_check_esn (sa0, seq); + else + rv = esp_replay_check (sa0, seq); - while (n_left_from > 0 && n_left_to_next > 0) + if (PREDICT_FALSE (rv)) + { + u32 tmp, off = n_alloc - n_left_from; + /* send original packet to drop node */ + tmp = from[off]; + from[off] = new_bufs[off]; + new_bufs[off] = tmp; + ib[0]->error = node->errors[ESP_DECRYPT_ERROR_REPLAY]; + next[0] = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_DROP; + goto trace; + } + } + + vlib_increment_combined_counter + (&ipsec_sa_counters, thread_index, sa_index0, + 1, ib[0]->current_length); + + if (PREDICT_TRUE (sa0->integ_alg != IPSEC_INTEG_ALG_NONE)) { - u32 i_bi0, o_bi0 = (u32) ~ 0, next0; - vlib_buffer_t *i_b0; - vlib_buffer_t *o_b0 = 0; - esp_header_t *esp0; - ipsec_sa_t *sa0; - u32 sa_index0 = ~0; - u32 seq; - ip4_header_t *ih4 = 0, *oh4 = 0; - ip6_header_t *ih6 = 0, *oh6 = 0; - u8 tunnel_mode = 1; - u8 transport_ip6 = 0; + u8 sig[64]; + int icv_size = sa0->integ_trunc_size; + clib_memset (sig, 0, sizeof (sig)); + u8 *icv = vlib_buffer_get_current (ib[0]) + ib[0]->current_length - + icv_size; + ib[0]->current_length -= icv_size; + hmac_calc (vm, sa0, (u8 *) esp0, ib[0]->current_length, sig); - i_bi0 = from[0]; - from += 1; - n_left_from -= 1; - n_left_to_next -= 1; + if (PREDICT_FALSE (memcmp (icv, sig, icv_size))) + { + u32 tmp, off = n_alloc - n_left_from; + /* send original packet to drop node */ + tmp = from[off]; + from[off] = new_bufs[off]; + new_bufs[off] = tmp; + ib[0]->error = node->errors[ESP_DECRYPT_ERROR_INTEG_ERROR]; + next[0] = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_DROP; + goto trace; + } + } - next0 = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_DROP; + if (PREDICT_TRUE (ipsec_sa_is_set_USE_ANTI_REPLAY (sa0))) + { + if (PREDICT_TRUE (ipsec_sa_is_set_USE_EXTENDED_SEQ_NUM (sa0))) + esp_replay_advance_esn (sa0, seq); + else + esp_replay_advance (sa0, seq); + } - i_b0 = vlib_get_buffer (vm, i_bi0); - esp0 = vlib_buffer_get_current (i_b0); + if ((sa0->crypto_alg >= IPSEC_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128 && + sa0->crypto_alg <= IPSEC_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_256) || + (sa0->crypto_alg >= IPSEC_CRYPTO_ALG_DES_CBC && + sa0->crypto_alg <= IPSEC_CRYPTO_ALG_3DES_CBC)) + { + const int BLOCK_SIZE = sa0->crypto_block_size; + const int IV_SIZE = sa0->crypto_block_size; + esp_footer_t *f0; + u8 ip_hdr_size = 0; - sa_index0 = vnet_buffer (i_b0)->ipsec.sad_index; - sa0 = pool_elt_at_index (im->sad, sa_index0); + int blocks = + (ib[0]->current_length - sizeof (esp_header_t) - + IV_SIZE) / BLOCK_SIZE; - seq = clib_host_to_net_u32 (esp0->seq); + ob[0]->current_data = sizeof (ethernet_header_t); - /* anti-replay check */ - if (sa0->use_anti_replay) + /* transport mode */ + if (PREDICT_FALSE (!ipsec_sa_is_set_IS_TUNNEL (sa0) && + !ipsec_sa_is_set_IS_TUNNEL_V6 (sa0))) { - int rv = 0; + tunnel_mode = 0; - if (PREDICT_TRUE (sa0->use_esn)) - rv = esp_replay_check_esn (sa0, seq); + if (is_ip6) + { + ip_hdr_size = sizeof (ip6_header_t); + ih6 = (ip6_header_t *) ((u8 *) esp0 - ip_hdr_size); + oh6 = vlib_buffer_get_current (ob[0]); + } else - rv = esp_replay_check (sa0, seq); - - if (PREDICT_FALSE (rv)) { - clib_warning ("anti-replay SPI %u seq %u", sa0->spi, seq); - vlib_node_increment_counter (vm, esp_decrypt_node.index, - ESP_DECRYPT_ERROR_REPLAY, 1); - o_bi0 = i_bi0; - to_next[0] = o_bi0; - to_next += 1; - goto trace; + ip_hdr_size = sizeof (ip4_header_t); + if (ipsec_sa_is_set_UDP_ENCAP (sa0)) + ih4 = (ip4_header_t *) ((u8 *) esp0 - ip_hdr_size - + sizeof (udp_header_t)); + else + ih4 = (ip4_header_t *) ((u8 *) esp0 - ip_hdr_size); + oh4 = vlib_buffer_get_current (ob[0]); } } - sa0->total_data_size += i_b0->current_length; + esp_decrypt_cbc (vm, sa0, esp0->data + IV_SIZE, + (u8 *) vlib_buffer_get_current (ob[0]) + + ip_hdr_size, BLOCK_SIZE * blocks, + sa0->crypto_key.data, esp0->data); + + ob[0]->current_length = (blocks * BLOCK_SIZE) - 2 + ip_hdr_size; + ob[0]->flags = VLIB_BUFFER_TOTAL_LENGTH_VALID; + f0 = (esp_footer_t *) ((u8 *) vlib_buffer_get_current (ob[0]) + + ob[0]->current_length); + ob[0]->current_length -= f0->pad_length; - if (PREDICT_TRUE (sa0->integ_alg != IPSEC_INTEG_ALG_NONE)) + /* tunnel mode */ + if (PREDICT_TRUE (tunnel_mode)) { - u8 sig[64]; - int icv_size = em->esp_integ_algs[sa0->integ_alg].trunc_size; - memset (sig, 0, sizeof (sig)); - u8 *icv = - vlib_buffer_get_current (i_b0) + i_b0->current_length - - icv_size; - i_b0->current_length -= icv_size; - - hmac_calc (sa0->integ_alg, sa0->integ_key, sa0->integ_key_len, - (u8 *) esp0, i_b0->current_length, sig, sa0->use_esn, - sa0->seq_hi); - - if (PREDICT_FALSE (memcmp (icv, sig, icv_size))) + if (PREDICT_TRUE (f0->next_header == IP_PROTOCOL_IP_IN_IP)) { - vlib_node_increment_counter (vm, esp_decrypt_node.index, - ESP_DECRYPT_ERROR_INTEG_ERROR, + next[0] = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_IP4_INPUT; + oh4 = vlib_buffer_get_current (ob[0]); + } + else if (f0->next_header == IP_PROTOCOL_IPV6) + next[0] = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_IP6_INPUT; + else + { + vlib_node_increment_counter (vm, node->node_index, + ESP_DECRYPT_ERROR_DECRYPTION_FAILED, 1); - o_bi0 = i_bi0; - to_next[0] = o_bi0; - to_next += 1; + ob[0] = 0; goto trace; } } - - if (PREDICT_TRUE (sa0->use_anti_replay)) - { - if (PREDICT_TRUE (sa0->use_esn)) - esp_replay_advance_esn (sa0, seq); - else - esp_replay_advance (sa0, seq); - } - - /* grab free buffer */ - uword last_empty_buffer = vec_len (empty_buffers) - 1; - o_bi0 = empty_buffers[last_empty_buffer]; - to_next[0] = o_bi0; - to_next += 1; - o_b0 = vlib_get_buffer (vm, o_bi0); - vlib_prefetch_buffer_with_index (vm, - empty_buffers[last_empty_buffer - - 1], STORE); - _vec_len (empty_buffers) = last_empty_buffer; - - /* add old buffer to the recycle list */ - vec_add1 (recycle, i_bi0); - - if (sa0->crypto_alg >= IPSEC_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128 && - sa0->crypto_alg <= IPSEC_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_256) + /* transport mode */ + else { - const int BLOCK_SIZE = 16; - const int IV_SIZE = 16; - esp_footer_t *f0; - u8 ip_hdr_size = 0; - - int blocks = - (i_b0->current_length - sizeof (esp_header_t) - - IV_SIZE) / BLOCK_SIZE; - - o_b0->current_data = sizeof (ethernet_header_t); - - /* transport mode */ - if (PREDICT_FALSE (!sa0->is_tunnel && !sa0->is_tunnel_ip6)) + u32 len = vlib_buffer_length_in_chain (vm, ob[0]); + if (is_ip6) { - tunnel_mode = 0; - ih4 = - (ip4_header_t *) (i_b0->data + - sizeof (ethernet_header_t)); - if (PREDICT_TRUE - ((ih4->ip_version_and_header_length & 0xF0) != 0x40)) - { - if (PREDICT_TRUE - ((ih4->ip_version_and_header_length & 0xF0) == - 0x60)) - { - transport_ip6 = 1; - ip_hdr_size = sizeof (ip6_header_t); - ih6 = - (ip6_header_t *) (i_b0->data + - sizeof (ethernet_header_t)); - oh6 = vlib_buffer_get_current (o_b0); - } - else - { - vlib_node_increment_counter (vm, - esp_decrypt_node.index, - ESP_DECRYPT_ERROR_NOT_IP, - 1); - o_b0 = 0; - goto trace; - } - } - else - { - oh4 = vlib_buffer_get_current (o_b0); - ip_hdr_size = sizeof (ip4_header_t); - } + next[0] = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_IP6_INPUT; + oh6->ip_version_traffic_class_and_flow_label = + ih6->ip_version_traffic_class_and_flow_label; + oh6->protocol = f0->next_header; + oh6->hop_limit = ih6->hop_limit; + oh6->src_address.as_u64[0] = ih6->src_address.as_u64[0]; + oh6->src_address.as_u64[1] = ih6->src_address.as_u64[1]; + oh6->dst_address.as_u64[0] = ih6->dst_address.as_u64[0]; + oh6->dst_address.as_u64[1] = ih6->dst_address.as_u64[1]; + len -= sizeof (ip6_header_t); + oh6->payload_length = clib_host_to_net_u16 (len); } - - esp_decrypt_aes_cbc (sa0->crypto_alg, - esp0->data + IV_SIZE, - (u8 *) vlib_buffer_get_current (o_b0) + - ip_hdr_size, BLOCK_SIZE * blocks, - sa0->crypto_key, esp0->data); - - o_b0->current_length = (blocks * 16) - 2 + ip_hdr_size; - o_b0->flags = VLIB_BUFFER_TOTAL_LENGTH_VALID; - f0 = - (esp_footer_t *) ((u8 *) vlib_buffer_get_current (o_b0) + - o_b0->current_length); - o_b0->current_length -= f0->pad_length; - - /* tunnel mode */ - if (PREDICT_TRUE (tunnel_mode)) - { - if (PREDICT_TRUE (f0->next_header == IP_PROTOCOL_IP_IN_IP)) - { - next0 = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_IP4_INPUT; - oh4 = vlib_buffer_get_current (o_b0); - } - else if (f0->next_header == IP_PROTOCOL_IPV6) - next0 = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_IP6_INPUT; - else - { - clib_warning ("next header: 0x%x", f0->next_header); - vlib_node_increment_counter (vm, esp_decrypt_node.index, - ESP_DECRYPT_ERROR_DECRYPTION_FAILED, - 1); - o_b0 = 0; - goto trace; - } - } - /* transport mode */ else { - if (PREDICT_FALSE (transport_ip6)) - { - next0 = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_IP6_INPUT; - oh6->ip_version_traffic_class_and_flow_label = - ih6->ip_version_traffic_class_and_flow_label; - oh6->protocol = f0->next_header; - oh6->hop_limit = ih6->hop_limit; - oh6->src_address.as_u64[0] = ih6->src_address.as_u64[0]; - oh6->src_address.as_u64[1] = ih6->src_address.as_u64[1]; - oh6->dst_address.as_u64[0] = ih6->dst_address.as_u64[0]; - oh6->dst_address.as_u64[1] = ih6->dst_address.as_u64[1]; - oh6->payload_length = - clib_host_to_net_u16 (vlib_buffer_length_in_chain - (vm, - o_b0) - sizeof (ip6_header_t)); - } - else - { - next0 = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_IP4_INPUT; - oh4->ip_version_and_header_length = 0x45; - oh4->tos = ih4->tos; - oh4->fragment_id = 0; - oh4->flags_and_fragment_offset = 0; - oh4->ttl = ih4->ttl; - oh4->protocol = f0->next_header; - oh4->src_address.as_u32 = ih4->src_address.as_u32; - oh4->dst_address.as_u32 = ih4->dst_address.as_u32; - oh4->length = - clib_host_to_net_u16 (vlib_buffer_length_in_chain - (vm, o_b0)); - oh4->checksum = ip4_header_checksum (oh4); - } + next[0] = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_IP4_INPUT; + oh4->ip_version_and_header_length = 0x45; + oh4->tos = ih4->tos; + oh4->fragment_id = 0; + oh4->flags_and_fragment_offset = 0; + oh4->ttl = ih4->ttl; + oh4->protocol = f0->next_header; + oh4->src_address.as_u32 = ih4->src_address.as_u32; + oh4->dst_address.as_u32 = ih4->dst_address.as_u32; + oh4->length = clib_host_to_net_u16 (len); + oh4->checksum = ip4_header_checksum (oh4); } + } - /* for IPSec-GRE tunnel next node is ipsec-gre-input */ - if (PREDICT_FALSE - ((vnet_buffer (i_b0)->ipsec.flags) & - IPSEC_FLAG_IPSEC_GRE_TUNNEL)) - next0 = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_IPSEC_GRE_INPUT; + /* for IPSec-GRE tunnel next node is ipsec-gre-input */ + if (PREDICT_FALSE + ((vnet_buffer (ib[0])->ipsec.flags) & + IPSEC_FLAG_IPSEC_GRE_TUNNEL)) + next[0] = ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_IPSEC_GRE_INPUT; - vnet_buffer (o_b0)->sw_if_index[VLIB_TX] = (u32) ~ 0; - vnet_buffer (o_b0)->sw_if_index[VLIB_RX] = - vnet_buffer (i_b0)->sw_if_index[VLIB_RX]; - } + vnet_buffer (ob[0])->sw_if_index[VLIB_TX] = (u32) ~ 0; + vnet_buffer (ob[0])->sw_if_index[VLIB_RX] = + vnet_buffer (ib[0])->sw_if_index[VLIB_RX]; + } - trace: - if (PREDICT_FALSE (i_b0->flags & VLIB_BUFFER_IS_TRACED)) + trace: + if (PREDICT_FALSE (ib[0]->flags & VLIB_BUFFER_IS_TRACED)) + { + if (ob[0]) { - if (o_b0) - { - o_b0->flags |= VLIB_BUFFER_IS_TRACED; - o_b0->trace_index = i_b0->trace_index; - esp_decrypt_trace_t *tr = - vlib_add_trace (vm, node, o_b0, sizeof (*tr)); - tr->crypto_alg = sa0->crypto_alg; - tr->integ_alg = sa0->integ_alg; - } + ob[0]->flags |= VLIB_BUFFER_IS_TRACED; + ob[0]->trace_index = ib[0]->trace_index; + esp_decrypt_trace_t *tr = + vlib_add_trace (vm, node, ob[0], sizeof (*tr)); + tr->crypto_alg = sa0->crypto_alg; + tr->integ_alg = sa0->integ_alg; } - - vlib_validate_buffer_enqueue_x1 (vm, node, next_index, to_next, - n_left_to_next, o_bi0, next0); } - vlib_put_next_frame (vm, node, next_index, n_left_to_next); + + /* next */ + n_left_from -= 1; + ib += 1; + ob += 1; + next += 1; } - vlib_node_increment_counter (vm, esp_decrypt_node.index, - ESP_DECRYPT_ERROR_RX_PKTS, - from_frame->n_vectors); - -free_buffers_and_exit: - if (recycle) - vlib_buffer_free (vm, recycle, vec_len (recycle)); - vec_free (recycle); - return from_frame->n_vectors; + + vlib_node_increment_counter (vm, node->node_index, + ESP_DECRYPT_ERROR_RX_PKTS, n_alloc); + + vlib_buffer_enqueue_to_next (vm, node, new_bufs, nexts, n_alloc); +done: + vlib_buffer_free (vm, from, from_frame->n_vectors); + return n_alloc; } +VLIB_NODE_FN (esp4_decrypt_node) (vlib_main_t * vm, + vlib_node_runtime_t * node, + vlib_frame_t * from_frame) +{ + return esp_decrypt_inline (vm, node, from_frame, 0 /* is_ip6 */ ); +} + +/* *INDENT-OFF* */ +VLIB_REGISTER_NODE (esp4_decrypt_node) = { + .name = "esp4-decrypt", + .vector_size = sizeof (u32), + .format_trace = format_esp_decrypt_trace, + .type = VLIB_NODE_TYPE_INTERNAL, + + .n_errors = ARRAY_LEN(esp_decrypt_error_strings), + .error_strings = esp_decrypt_error_strings, + + .n_next_nodes = ESP_DECRYPT_N_NEXT, + .next_nodes = { +#define _(s,n) [ESP_DECRYPT_NEXT_##s] = n, + foreach_esp_decrypt_next +#undef _ + }, +}; +/* *INDENT-ON* */ + +VLIB_NODE_FN (esp6_decrypt_node) (vlib_main_t * vm, + vlib_node_runtime_t * node, + vlib_frame_t * from_frame) +{ + return esp_decrypt_inline (vm, node, from_frame, 1 /* is_ip6 */ ); +} /* *INDENT-OFF* */ -VLIB_REGISTER_NODE (esp_decrypt_node) = { - .function = esp_decrypt_node_fn, - .name = "esp-decrypt", +VLIB_REGISTER_NODE (esp6_decrypt_node) = { + .name = "esp6-decrypt", .vector_size = sizeof (u32), .format_trace = format_esp_decrypt_trace, .type = VLIB_NODE_TYPE_INTERNAL, @@ -425,7 +402,6 @@ VLIB_REGISTER_NODE (esp_decrypt_node) = { }; /* *INDENT-ON* */ -VLIB_NODE_FUNCTION_MULTIARCH (esp_decrypt_node, esp_decrypt_node_fn) /* * fd.io coding-style-patch-verification: ON *